Developing A Competitive And International Business...

To begin with, Scholes, Johnson and Ambrosini (1998) explained strategy as the direction of a firm for the long-term which accomplishes benefit for the firm through its allocation of resources within a dynamic environment to meet markets requirements and to achieve stakeholder expectations. Furthermore, Kelly and Zaman (2014) noted that strategies are strongly impacted by the environment of a firm. It is recommended that the strategies also implicate considerations about organization s internal factors and include choices about structure, technology and other factors. Both planned and emergent approaches must be studied under the progressively change, highly competitive and international business environment. External forces are driving companies to cut costs, improve processes and recognize new opportunities for growing. This paper will define and compare emergent and planned approaches to strategy formulation, and explain how utilizing organizational resources and capabilities play a key role in creating competitive advantage. Some valuable tools such as Porter s value chain and Economic moat will be introduced to show how internal and external factors can be evaluated. Apple company was selected to exemplify those aspects. Brief of Apple Company Based on Downie (2016), Apple Company is recognized as the largest international company, with a market capital of $540 billion. The company has accomplished this scale in spite of promoting a few number of products. AppleShow MoreRelatedInternational HRM With the Context of Global Economy 947 Words   |  4 PagesInternational HRM with the context of global economy It would be very easy to refer to international human resource management as little more than HRM on a national scale with some additional features that indeed similarities in the role of human resource management within national and international organizations; however, there are also some significant differences, not least of which is the development and deployment of staff in different national and regional locations around the world. TheRead MoreWhy The Economic Liberalization Is Regarded As A Second Step Towards Facilitating Globalization1478 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology, capital, and even labor or human capital. The term globalization means to permit the free flow of goods and services in the world. To create an environment in which free flow of capital can take place among nation states, an environment permitting free flow of technology and from the point of view of developing countries, creation of environment in which free movement of labor can take place in different co untries of the world. Essential conditions for globalization are there should not beRead More3.1 the Strategic Position Is Concerned with Identifying the Impact on Strategy of the External Environment, an Organization’s Strategic Capability (Resource and Competent) and the Expectations and Influence of1058 Words   |  5 Pagesis concerned with identifying the impact on strategy of the external environment, an organization’s strategic capability (resource and competent) and the expectations and influence of stakeholders. (Johnson amp; schools amp; Whittington, 2008) The strategic position that SABMiller has chosen to follow is to continue to protect and further develop its operations, whilst investing for growth in its international beer business, several acquisitions in last few years have given them a wide geographicalRead MoreGlobal Diversity Challenges at Lenovo881 Words   |  3 Pagesof globalization has determined many companies to build a strategy intended to address the international business environment. This is because the potential of different counties as markets is very appealing. Therefore, they have to incorporate internationalization in their strategies. This also refers to global diversity. Multinational companies are interested in developing a global business environment that can help them reach their objectives. It is important to understand the effects that thisRead MoreMajor Forces That Are Leading International Firms Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesThere are five major forces that are leading international firms to the globalization of their operations which includes (1) political (2) technological (3) market (4) cost and (5) competition. Many firms initiate international operations to gain assess by combined markets through exporting product or producing within the area. Technological According to (Ball, 2011) today’s technology has allowed an advance in computers, communication and an increase flow of ideas. Through the internet and networksRead MoreChina, India, and Multinational Enterprises Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, advanced economies with deficits will need to compensate for decreases in domestic demand with increases in international exports. Emerging markets such as China and India will compensate by shifting from international markets to their own domestic markets. The IMF has also projected that China will overtake the US economy by 2015 and India is expected to be equal in size to the US economy by 2020 (International Monetary FundRead MoreThompson and Strickland Essay Questions1432 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategic plan e. strategy implementation 10. Is it more accurate to think of strategy as being crafted or planned? Why? 11. Describe in some detail the task of developing a mission statement for an organization. 12. What are the risks and pitfalls of defining a companys business in broad terms? 13. What managerial purpose does the establishment of long-term objectives have? What are some examples of long-term objectives? 14. What is the managerialRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Porter s Diamond Companies The Way A Country Gains And Sustains Its Own Competitive Advantage Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays, competition in anywhere is about the international affairs. In order to keep country’s own competitive advantage, it’s necessary to make national strategies to sustain this advantage and be an attractive market for international competing. Michael Porter’s diamond states the way a country gains and sustains its own competitive advantage through dealing with the disadvantage to push itself innovating and learning from it. Although this model clearly explains how one factor is related toRead MoreThe Expansion Of The World Economy1230 Words   |  5 Pagesbuild a strong competitive position in the market by taking advantage of the global market that is opened up to the foreign companies closed previously. The rapid growth of the technology is shrinking the geographical boundaries and the global economy is expanding faster than it can expand. The expansion of the world economy is offering companies many attractive opportunities that come with the domestic as well as global threats. Companies in industries that have a higher competitive threats have aRead MoreMarketing Design And Innovation : Ipod Marketing Strategy1167 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations general design and it power of innovation determines the competitive advantage in the local as well as international level (Johansson and Holm, 2006). If a firm can respond immediately to the change then it can get expected benefits. Before adopting any change in the system, it is essential to know its appropriateness in the organizational context. The nature of the organization, nature of the product, business environment, nature of competition etc. determine the appropriate system to be

The Liberation of Katharina in Shakespeare’s Taming of...

The Liberation of Katharina in Taming of the Shrew In Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew, Katharina is presented ambiguously with much debate asking whether or not her character is tamed, liberated or whether or not in reality she was a good enough manipulator to make it appear that she becomes tame when in essence her character remains the same. Within this essay I shall be concentrating on the aforementioned as well as discussing a television adaptation of Taming of the Shrew that presents Katharina not as the expected shrew, but as Petruchio’s tamer. Katharina is often presented as the whipped Shrew. There is evidence within the play, that supports Katharina is tamed by Petruchio. For example, in the opening†¦show more content†¦It is difficult to take Katharinas message here and say that the essence of her character remains the same. Her monologue reveals that she now sees it is her duty to respect her husband and to be submissive to him. Her speech leads the audience to see that this duty of the wife is one that is a repayment to the husband for all the hard work he does to support her, a debt that the wife could never possibly repay. There are a number of possible reasons for why Katharina might not have gone through the transgression of change. For example it is notable here that the play takes plays in the course of a few days, is this enough time to warrant a character change as big as this? ? It is very unlikely that it is possible, since Katharina, by the opening of the play, is at least 20 years of age and is very much set into her ways. It would take much longer to cure Katharina of this attitude problem that she perhaps possesses. With this in mind, it is very likely that Katharina was either liberated by Petruchio in how to control her temper, or she acted as if she had been tamed to get everyone off of her back. As I feel that it is not possible for Katharina to have been tamed by Petruchio in the short time period of the play, it is possible that she was liberated by Petruchios actions. In the movie version of Taming of the Shrew, whichShow MoreRelated10 Things I Hate about You and The Taming of the Shrew1171 Words   |  5 PagesThe film â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You† is based loosely on William Shakespeare’s 15th century play â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†. The misogynistic play tells the story of how Petrucio essentially torments his headstrong wife, Katharina (also called â€Å"Katherine† and â€Å"Kate†) until she â€Å"becomes a compliant and obedient bride† (wikipedia). The story simultaneously follows the story of many suitors competing for the love of Katharina’s sister, Bianca (Wikipedia). The film adaptation, â€Å"10 Things I Hate About

Responsibility Cost Control System Free Essays

Assignment: Cost Modules Essay Cost management in China has been evolving over the past ten years due to influence by the foreign concepts of management accounting. This can be traced back to year 2001 where increased market openness, reduced government interference, and increased management autonomy were mandatory for China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. This change in market condition has incentivized Chinese firms to improve their management accounting practices. We will write a custom essay sample on Responsibility Cost Control System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Subsequently, the traditional costing method is also facing a sudden threat by the influx of ABC/M, Target Costing, Responsibility Accounting, etc. Presented with new ideas, this essay will discuss the popular cost management accounting trend in China, specifically the responsibility cost control system. I will also compare the changes in the Chinese management accounting practices and give opinions on the possible future outlook of the cost and management accounting landscape. According to the research on contemporary management accounting in China by Jason Zezhong Xiao and Rong-Ruey Duh, the most widely used techniques are, cost behavior analysis, cost allocation, responsibility accounting, and cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis. On the other hand, the lowest levels of adoption are techniques like the activity-based costing/management, kaizen costing, standard costing, and environmental accounting. This result is gathered by providing the firms with 25 management accounting practices and asking them to feedback the extent to which they applied each of the 25 practices in the running of their businesses. Results showed that the responsibility cost control system, together with CVP analysis, are among the most popular ‘new’ practices adopted by Chinese firms since market reformed. Specifically, I will discuss responsibility cost control system using the example of Han Dan Iron and Steel Company. Han Dan Iron and Steel Company was established in 1958 and was originally a state-owned iron and steel mill under the administration of government authority at provincial level. It introduced ‘responsibility cost control ystem’ in the beginnings of 1990s, and went public in the next half of that decade. There are four underlying principles for the responsibility cost control system. 1. Setting cost and profit targets that take into account market pressures 2. Assigning target costs to various levels of responsibility center 3. Evaluating performance based on fulfillment of the responsibility cost targets, and 4. Implementing a reward scheme with built-in inventive mec hanisms. To explain the first principle of responsibility cost control system using Han Dan Company, all 60 units and subsidiaries were regrouped and decentralized in accordance to the Company’s operational goals into two main categories – producing divisions and servicing units. Han Dan Company has 13 primary producing divisions and within each is a design of multi-tier responsibility centers. This is crucial in the cost setting and profit targeting of responsibility cost control system and they are designed to be dependent on sales and demand, incorporating market pressure. The assignment of target costs to the various levels of subdivisions is by a top-down approach. It is different from the traditional standard costing method and is in line with the above principle of taking into account market pressure. The market prices are first determined and subsequently, target costs and profits will be just moving averages of the fluctuating market price. The third principle cannot hold without a good design and implementation governed by the DFA, the department that is also responsible to the evaluation of individual responsibility centers. This principle focused mainly on the target costs and is the most important indicator of responsibility performance in the responsibility cost control system. All bonuses will be forfeited when a responsibility center fail to meet its cost targets, even if other targets are fulfilled. The reward system however, does acknowledge and encourage the achievement of other related responsibility standards such as production output, product quality, etc. beyond the cost targets even though it is a secondary subject to the ‘cost-veto’ mechanism illustrated above. Although the responsibility cost control system is often compared to target costing, I feel that it is actually better than target costing due to the fact that it focuses more on actual results than forecast. Target costing on the other hand focuses more on forecast and new product planning, and extends cost management beyond the firm to include supply chain partners. Moreover, responsibility cost control system has proven great success in the case of Han Dan Company. It is an exemplary model for the government and business community in China to consider in other state-owned enterprises. Looking forward, with China’s market continuing to evolve and opening up to foreign ideas and companies, we can foresee it moving towards a market-oriented economic system where companies are more motivated to adopt management techniques to improve performance. However, the adoption does not guarantee efficiency and profitability if government forces it onto them without considering the unique business situation. Like Han Dan Company, Chinese firms should diffuse and develop innovative management techniques to suit their own needs and we will definitely see even better developments by Chinese firms in the future. References Duh, R. , amp; Xiao, J. Z. (2008). An overview and assessment of contemporary management accounting research in china. (Special Issue ed. , Vol. 20, pp. 129-164). Journal of Management Accounting Research. WU, J. , amp; BOATENG, A. (2010). Factors influencing changes in chinese management accounting practices. Journal of Change Management, 10(3), 315–329. Lin, Z. J. , amp; Yu, Z. (2002). Responsibility cost control system in china: A case of management accounting application. Management Accounting Research, 13(4), 447-467. How to cite Responsibility Cost Control System, Papers

Definition and Freedom free essay sample

The Oxford English Dictionary defines freedom as The state of being able to act without hindrance or restraint, liberty of action. More often than not, people do not take the time to realize all of the freedoms In existence around the world today. Take a moment and realize the importance of freedom based upon the many struggles today and in the past for this ideal. Many major campaigns, wars, and conflicts have been driven by the conquest for freedom. The definition of freedom can be explained best using the literary concepts of description, exemplification, and negation.Freedom Is a very complicated word to define In any one way. It presents many challenges In our direction. It can be Interpreted various ways because there are so many freedoms that are available to discuss and consult. If people were not allowed basic freedoms, such as freedom of speech, the world would be a drastically different place to live in. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition and Freedom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Freedom has never come easily and most likely never will for anyone or any place. People with great freedom in their lives are always proud and delighted at the achievement. Mammalians wrote, Freedom Is a symbol which stands for a sublime and powerfulIdeal. The same symbol, however, may become a dangerous weapon In the hands of the enemies of freedom. Indeed. Freedom Is quite powerful and when the wrong person possesses the power, it can become very limiting upon society basic freedoms. Bronchial Mammalians wrote, Freedom can be defined as the conditions necessary and sufficient for the formation of a purpose, its translation into effective action through organized cultural instrumentalities, and the full enjoyment of the results of such activity. It Is true that many prerequisites must be met to get a freedom established.Freedom has never come easily and most likely never will for anyone or any place. Many people have to Join and fight to obtain the freedom required. In the past, freedom has been thought of as a fighting word. In todays society, it is considered more of an honorific word. People with great freedom in their lives are always proud and delighted at the achievement. Although this is something that everyone would like to forget about, freedom was fought for among our own culture. This Is definitely a defining point of freedom. The First Amendment clearly voices a great American respect toward the freedom f religion. It also prevents the government from abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Since the early history of our country, the protection of basic freedoms has been of the utmost importance to Americans. In Longboats Hughes poem, Freedom, he emphasizes the struggle to enjoy the freedoms that he knows are rightfully his. He reflects the American desire for freedom now when he says, l do not need my freedom when Im dead. I cannot live on tomorrows bread.He recognizes the need for freedom in its entirety without compromise or fear. I think Longboats Hughes captures the essence of the American immigrants quest for freedom In his poem, Freedoms Plow. He accurately describes Americans as greater freedom or freedom for the first time. He depicts how people of all backgrounds worked together for one cause: freedom. In the end, the definition of freedom boils down to being able to act with liberty and without hindrance to a certain action. We should all have our own definition of freedom that comes from our heart based upon our cultures.

Dataclear Case Study Essay Example

Dataclear Case Study Essay The competition is part of doing business for the company but until now there was no direct competitor. Opportunity to grasp the situation and overtake a competitor from the correct angle is very important. DataClear business with a product that is high international potential. Launch a global business plan is a great opportunity that no one wants to squander, but in this case, DataClear not kept cool. He launched into a situation recklessly impulsive. The plan is to grow globally, not because of reactive strategic but brings great chaos, what the situation was also seen. Director and staff with very low orientation in issue and with almost no experience in their own heads have tried to resolve the situation as quickly as possible. Greg built a leading position with Susan similar experience in Asia, but this does not guarantee success. Each market is different and should therefore be well aware of the market to which the company wants to enter. In this case, the teams submit their proposals without deeper analysis. Determine the country in which they would need to enter and potential partners, but did not provide the basic pros and cons. We will write a custom essay sample on Dataclear Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dataclear Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dataclear Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If a company wants to succeed globally, they must look at all of your options in depth. Important is the choice of markets, analysis of environmental, cultural backgrounds and also a competitor analysis. These basic attributes were not met. I missed them because someone competent who could somehow coordinate the entire discussion. If he wants to expand the DataClear well understand their existing strengths, future opportunities, threats and assess their real possibilities. DataClear should take into account their lack of experience and that the company is only 38 people, which is quite low for expansion. It would be necessary to invest not only in the entry, but also to the fact that all new members be able to pay, which would ultimately lead to losses. Entry to the market but they can not guarantee immediate success. Even if it is decided to expand a little earlier than VisiDat would not necessarily mean that it will be better. It is therefore important in this case to know competitor. Start the survey in a hurry is never a bad thing. DataClear mainly by not panicking. I would suggest you do research and gather information on competing firms and others. Because only a thorough knowledge of the enemy an attack properly. I would recommend to address the first option from consulting with a team of experienced, specialist, potential investors and analyze opportunities and threats. Discuss the pros and cons and then develop a strategy that will be able to ensure the companys competitiveness either entering foreign markets or expanding its product in the domestic market. In deciding the c ompany has identified a dual version of the product and to adapt to new markets abroad and cooperation. But hang in the air remains the possibility of expansion of the product in the domestic market in other sectors. As we have seen DataClear not enough planning capabilities to enable it to and was able to easily enter new markets. Appropriate strategy would be to maintain and establish relationships with the domestic market and to build a name not only as the first and only company, but also strong. Expand by mindlessly in this case was a very risky move, although that would enable the company to succeed or even fail. However, if a competitor tried to know the score by developing a comprehensive strategy to VisiDat was not a threat, they would be able to succeed in spite of great risk. Business is still based on the strength of the company. Dataclear Case Study Essay Example Dataclear Case Study Paper The competition is part of doing business for the company but until now there was no direct competitor. Opportunity to grasp the situation and overtake a competitor from the correct angle is very important. DataClear business with a product that is high international potential. Launch a global business plan is a great opportunity that no one wants to squander, but in this case, DataClear not kept cool. He launched into a situation recklessly impulsive. The plan is to grow globally, not because of reactive strategic but brings great chaos, what the situation was also seen. Director and staff with very low orientation in issue and with almost no experience in their own heads have tried to resolve the situation as quickly as possible. Greg built a leading position with Susan similar experience in Asia, but this does not guarantee success. Each market is different and should therefore be well aware of the market to which the company wants to enter. In this case, the teams submit their proposals without deeper analysis. Determine the country in which they would need to enter and potential partners, but did not provide the basic pros and cons. We will write a custom essay sample on Dataclear Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dataclear Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dataclear Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If a company wants to succeed globally, they must look at all of your options in depth. Important is the choice of markets, analysis of environmental, cultural backgrounds and also a competitor analysis. These basic attributes were not met. I missed them because someone competent who could somehow coordinate the entire discussion. If he wants to expand the DataClear well understand their existing strengths, future opportunities, threats and assess their real possibilities. DataClear should take into account their lack of experience and that the company is only 38 people, which is quite low for expansion. It would be necessary to invest not only in the entry, but also to the fact that all new members be able to pay, which would ultimately lead to losses. Entry to the market but they can not guarantee immediate success. Even if it is decided to expand a little earlier than VisiDat would not necessarily mean that it will be better. It is therefore important in this case to know competitor. Start the survey in a hurry is never a bad thing. DataClear mainly by not panicking. I would suggest you do research and gather information on competing firms and others. Because only a thorough knowledge of the enemy an attack properly. I would recommend to address the first option from consulting with a team of experienced, specialist, potential investors and analyze opportunities and threats. Discuss the pros and cons and then develop a strategy that will be able to ensure the companys competitiveness either entering foreign markets or expanding its product in the domestic market. In deciding the c ompany has identified a dual version of the product and to adapt to new markets abroad and cooperation. But hang in the air remains the possibility of expansion of the product in the domestic market in other sectors. As we have seen DataClear not enough planning capabilities to enable it to and was able to easily enter new markets. Appropriate strategy would be to maintain and establish relationships with the domestic market and to build a name not only as the first and only company, but also strong. Expand by mindlessly in this case was a very risky move, although that would enable the company to succeed or even fail. However, if a competitor tried to know the score by developing a comprehensive strategy to VisiDat was not a threat, they would be able to succeed in spite of great risk. Business is still based on the strength of the company.

Media Effect on Islam as a Religion

Media Effect on Islam as a Religion Media is a powerful tool of communication that has a great impact in changing the perceptions of the people worldwide. Since the media has earned credibility over time, the current society relies heavily on its information. Hague admits that, â€Å"the world has witnessed the powerful tool of the global media; it has been one of the major sources that questioned and defined cultures, social and political movements and has enabled the world to break through the barriers of differences† (2006, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Effect on Islam as a Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite breaking international barriers of differences, the global media has received severe criticism due to its biasness in reflecting dominant political and religious issues of the western world. Although the media has the ability to objectively shape the society, it has failed to reflect the Islamic religion obje ctively. The media has demonized and portrayed the Islam as a religion of violence and terror in the society. The stereotyping of the Islamic religion as a religion of violence and terror in the whole world is due to the misrepresentation by the media. Following September 11, 2001 attack on the Americans by the terrorists, the media has constantly attributed it to the Islamic religion and â€Å"it is now clear to the world citizens that the western media has launch a concerted campaign against Islam in the name of a campaign against terror† (Haque, 2006, p. 5). The western media has influenced the world media in depicting Muslims and their religion as potential terrorists. According to Haque, â€Å"a major factor which contributes to Islamic stereotyping in the West is due to media’s selection of their words that describe Muslims. Some common names heard or seen in the news about Muslims are extremist or terrorist (2006, p. 7). The use of such negative words to descri be Muslims has led to the worldwide perception that Muslims and terrorists are one. Salient issues affecting the citizens are reported first by the media hence the media is very reliable in first hand and credible information. McLuhan argues that, â€Å"medium is the message that has great influence on the readers and audiences† (1964, p. 301). Given the biasness of the media in depiction of Muslims as terrorist, it results into great negative influence on the minds of the citizens since any information from the media seems credible to the citizens. †the media has virtually turned the world into a global village of communication and is more pervasive than ever before† (Haque, 2006, p. 4). The misrepresentation of the Muslim relgion by the media has far-reaching effects on the perception of the citizens.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the polit ical arena, the media provides a fighting ground for powerful political figures in the course of addressing issues of the government. According to Harris, â€Å"the media do not necessarily tell us what to think, but rather what to think about† (2004, p. 35). The depiction of salient issues such as terrorism in relation to the Muslims triggers and set the political agenda that is based on the â€Å"credible† information of the media. Since the government issues are addressed politically and politicians like the media have biasness in portraying the true religion of Muslims, then, what results is collective distortion of the Muslims and their religion. Haque argues that, â€Å"the media has been the singular most powerful tool of influence, mobilization and shaping of political, religious, economic and cultural agendas and discourse† (2006, p. 20). In terms of religious matters, media has successfully stereotyped the conception of Muslims as potential terrorists. References Haque, F. (2006). Global Media, Islamophobia and Its Impact on Conflict Resolution. Islam and Media Journal. Retrieved from ihmsaw.org/resourcefiles/1260034024.pdf Harris, R. (2004). A cognitive Psychology of Mass Communication. New York, NY: Routledge. McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding the Media. New York, NY: Routledge.

South Africa's Current Political System Research Paper

South Africa's Current Political System - Research Paper Example In order to understand the relationship between South Africa's diversity and its contribution to the nation's position as an emerging economy, it is worthy to look into the political history of the country and how it links up to South Africa's current position in the past 15 or so years. South Africa has had five different constitutions since 1910 (Klug, 2010). This can be traced to the 1902 Boer War between the British settlers and other European settlers of Dutch origins [Afrikaners] (Klug, 2010). Although Black South Africans fought in the Boer War, they were excluded from the negotiations that came up afterwards and this led to the creation of a constitution that guaranteed rights to the British and Afrikaners. Later on, laws that segregated the White minority [of about 10%] and the Black African majority known as Apartheid led to a system where Blacks were kept as a servant caste in the nation (Segal and Cortm 2011). Apartheid led to a situation where the Whites with links to Eu ropean nations and the United States, used laws to promote a capitalist idea of industrial growth, mining booms and agricultural productivity (Lowenberg and Kaempfer, 1998). This caused South Africa's economy to boom in the period between 1948 and 1994 when Apartheid was entrenched in the society. The link between the White minority and the developed world led to the investment of Western capital into the economy. This also allowed South Africa to export and make a lot of money and build strong world-class infrastructure (Feinstein, 2005).  

Select two manufacturing multinational firms (one from the US, one Essay

Select two manufacturing multinational firms (one from the US, one from Europe) and select two services multinational firms (one - Essay Example The discussion shall compare and contrast the internationalization process of the both sectors by discussing representative multinationals from the continents. Internationalization is perceived to be the process of enhancing organizational involvement in the international market. Unilever is based in United Kingdom and Netherlands. Unilever has an international presence lasting for decades. The internalization of the manufacturing multinational has been driven by renowned imperatives. They include growth, knowledge, efficiency, globalization of consumers and competitors. The company has a market presence in more than 150 countries and over 220, 000 employees. The company has been labeled as both multi-local and multinational because of a heavy presence in the domestic and international markets. The internationalizations strategy involved adapting local market differences. The strategic team targeted the optimal locations for product launches and resources in the foreign markets. Unli ke the internationalization plan for Barclays which involved joint-ventures with domestic firms, Unilever embarked majorly on acquisitions to expand the sphere of influence (Edwards & Rees 2006). The management believed that the company needed to have a direct response to the customers through production of superior products (Altinay & Roper 2007). A telling example is in Latin America where Unilever used the ULA strategy. The Unilever Latin America) strategy involved implementation of common processes, innovation and leadership. This caused the multinational to become the market leader in four countries in the region. However, when it came to opening branches, the Unilever tends to have shared a similar strategy with Barclays. Unilever has head offices in every foreign market location (Hill 2002). These regional branches are semi-autonomous (Boome & Riley 2011). The top level management of the multinational has been trying to review the strategy because extreme decentralizations ha ve been counterproductive in the internalization process. The strategic team is targeting the emerging and developing markets in the internationalization plan. In manufacturing sector it is easier to develop products tailored for consumers than in service sector. Therefore, the multination has been able to target different income groups (Boome & Riley 2011). Barclay’s depended on intermediaries in many emerging markets. This means most of the branches were stationed in major urban centers, where infrastructure supported. Unilever believes that a seamless international development would be effective (Altinay & Roper 2007). This company hopes to use technology to synchronize data and automate systems. The management has been countering threats in specific domestic markets while rolling out internationalization strategy. Some of the solutions have been obtained through transplant learning. Unilever has ensures that the retail stores are close the end user. Internationalization p rocess must address the complexities that arise from ineffective supply chains (Battilossi & Cassis 2002). Banking sectors in heavily dependent of technology. Barclays has been affected be unhealthy foreign laws and extreme exchange rates. Studies show that banking sectors is subject to multiple regulations (Boome & Riley 2011). Unilever has established a rapport with consumers directly.

Language Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Language Development - Research Paper Example At the age of four, a child’s speech should be 100% intelligible with minimal absence or exchange of consonants or sounds (Sax & Weston, 2007). Ella’s language is fully comprehensible; she uses phonological assimilation and elision as evidenced in her pronunciation of ‘want to’ [wÉ’nt tu] as ‘wanna’ [wÉ’nÃ"â„¢], and ‘going to’ [gÃ"™ÊŠÉ ªÃ…‹ tu] as ‘gonna’ [gÉ’nÃ"â„¢]; she also pronounces ‘because’ [bikÉ’z] as ‘cuz’ [kÊÅ'z], and fails to pronounce the final consonant of ‘yes’ [jÉ›s] and says [yÉ›Ã"â„¢]. It also seems that Ella is not aware of the difference in pronunciation of ‘know’ [noÊŠ] and ‘now’ [naÊŠ] because when meaning ‘know’ she said ‘now’. She is also able to use contractions as evidenced when she says ‘I’m’ [aim] rather than â€Å"I am’ and ‘that’sà ¢â‚¬â„¢ [É µÃƒ ¦ts] instead of ‘that is’.2.2   Morphology  Morphology, together with syntax make up the grammar of a language. Morphology is concerned with how words are made up of smaller morphemes; a morpheme is the â€Å"minimal linguistic unit of a language that carries meaning (Silzer, 2005, p.101) and can be used to change the meanings of words. Prefixes, suffixes and affixes can be used and fall within two categories – derivational   (changes word class) and grammatical (changes grammatical meaning) (Pence & Justice, 2008). In Ella’s language for example she proves to have acquired correct usage of the plural morpheme ‘s’ as in ‘cousins’, ‘friends’ and ‘millions’; she also shows good usage of the inflectional grammatical   morphemes ‘ing’ for present continuous as in ‘flying’, ‘finding’ and ‘going sailing’ and past tense ‘edâ€℠¢ as in ‘picked’. All such morphemes are usually acquired before the age of four (Pence & Justice, 2008) and are in accordance with Brown’s (1973) syntactic stages III and IV.

A Fingerprint Identification Technology Information Technology Essay

A Fingerprint Identification Technology Information Technology Essay ABSTRACT Now a days in IT technology, security is needed and it plays an important role in IT applications and security solution applications. For maintaining security BIOMETRICS provides an important role and the name it defines as bio is related to biological study and where metric know as measurement. Where, Finger print identification is a technique we used in biometrics and it is most successful oldest method applicable in abundant uses. Everyone has own unique immutable fingerprints. At which finger print is mainly consist of a furrows and series of ridges on upper layer of a finger. A fingerprint is mainly identify by the furrows and ridges and minutiae points, where an minutiae points can be obtained by ridges characteristics where they be contained in ridge bifurcation and ending. An finger print identification is mainly applicable in investigations. INTRODUCTION A fingerprint identification is a process for identify persons these can be applicable from last 19th centurys. Francis Galton defines the characteristics points of finger print identification and these points are foundation of identification and expand over past centuries. In 1960 finger print identification starts with computing technology, with those computers a Galton point subnet that refers to minutiae has implemented for development of fingerprint technology. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uses the fingerprint identification in 1969, after that it has fastly developed in many more manual process uses. After that National Bureau of Standards has Connect with FBI for processing the automate fingerprint identification and presently the development process is going on National Institute of Standards and Technology. After a few years the NIST was focus on developments of fingerprint identification in digital link with the effects of image quality and matching and minutiae extractions. For human search narrowing uses the M40 algorithm these algorithms were introduced by FBI and these was implemented by NIST. The M40 algorithm was proved successfully and trained for human technicians for significant calculations of small set of images. In 1981, fingerprint technology was improved to Automated Fingerprint Identification System with different systems on USA and other countries. On this evaluation of all communication systems were overlooked with each other, that means collection of fingerprint in one system the other system cannot search against the other these standards need more develop in fingerprint identification. In 1994, fing erprint identification was developed the automated integrated fingerprint identification system with most important challenges. Where the challenges that implement in fingerprint identification was digital fingerprint and ridge characteristics extractions and pattern matching model system performance. APPROACH In fingerprint identification, a finger mainly looks with black series lines with friction ridges with high portion peaking and these ridges looks white space at less portion of ridge friction. The fingerprint identification mainly consists of minutiae points and ridges and bifurcations. The following figure shows the fingerprint characteristics features of minutiae and other characteristics of fingerprint. C:UsersRAGHUDesktopimages.jpg F1: Minutiae C:UsersRAGHUDesktopfinger3.jpg F2: Other fingerprint characteristics An overall data can be obtained from fingerprint ridges with friction flow and the feature presence is obtained by the individual path ridges. Some important fingerprint features were developed from AFIS. Such as it does not provide a continuous flow in pattern in friction ridges these frequently obtained in characteristics of ridges in ending and dividing and dots. The main propose of AFIS designing is to clarify the overall flow of ridges with classification and minutiae extractions of fingerprint. Fingerprint identification is mainly obtained by hardware and software technologies. HARDWARE In hardware implementation in fingerprint identification can be contained by different types of sensors they are optical and capacitive and thermal and these are mainly applicable in digital picture collection on upper layer of a finger. Now a days optical sensors are using commonly for fingerprint image. A sensor which measures the capacitances that can be depend upon evaluate the pixel value these types of sensors is knows as capacitive sensors and it can easily evaluate the capacitance because an area of finger is more than area of valley. The thermal scanners are mainly use for the temperature measurement on digital picture at the time of finger swipe. At which some sensors contained with high frequency during the finger print scanning these type of sensors are knows as ultrasound sensors. Pastly we use some hardware technologies they named as optical sensors and solid state capacitive sensors and solid state temperature sensors and solid state electric field sensors. While in so lid state sensors are very small and they can improve to nearly to machine. The latest development technology in sensors are improve with small cards like debit cards. SOFTWARE In software technology use in fingerprint technique is consists of two methods one is minutiae matching and another one is pattern matching method. In minutiae matching method it deals with the minutiae points and their direction of every point. In pattern matching method it deals with the similarity of the two fingerprint pictures. In fingerprint matching algorithm we are using two different techniques one is minutiae matching and other one is pattern matching technique and these two techniques are discussed below. Minutiae-based Matching Pattern Matching Minutiae-based Matching: The modern fingerprint technology uses the minutiae matching technique. An idea starts from an same fingerprint images will prove minutiae of one picture have same corresponding to other picture at that time picture have equal minutiae points. Basically, minutiae points are equal at relative distance of other minutiae points. Points are matchup at the multiple points of one picture has same distance and another picture multiple points have equal distance. Mainly minutiae matching features are deals with the fingerprint ridges and these can be divided into three points one is short ridge and ridge ending and bifurcation. Short Ridge Ridge Ending Bifurcation F1: Short ridges F2; Ridge Ending F3: Bifurcation Short Ridge: In Short ridges are define as the smaller length than the average length of ridges in fingerprint. Ridge Ending: In ridge ending is define as the point at which ridge terminates. Bifurcation: In bifurcation one ridge is divided into two ridges. Basically, minutiae points are arranged with their equal position to one another with their directions in enrollment process. In matching process, the fingerprint picture identifies the minutiae points which are equal to stored fingerprint data. In these process, it first evaluate the minutiae points and after that it map the relative placement on finger at that time it contains complexity. This algorithm process cannot used for the person who having the low quality of minutiae points because the algorithm cannot use for the less quality points. Pattern Matching: In pattern matching, it does not only compares the individual points it can compare all characteristics points on surface of finger. Mainly the characteristics are on finger densities and ridge thickness and curvature of fingerprint. While fingerprint ridges are mainly divided into three basic patterns they are Whorl and Loop and Arch. Arch: In arch pattern the ridges are start from one side and ends on other side in between the starting and ending side that is in middle it rises like a curve shape on finger surface area. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Arch.jpg/200px-Arch.jpg Arch:F1 Loop: In loop they form like a curve shape because they will start from one side and end with other side. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0c/Loop.jpg Loop: F2 Whorl: In whorl ridges are form a circular shape on centre on the finger surface. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ee/Whorl.jpg/200px-Whorl.jpg Whorl: F3 While in enrollment method, fingerprint can be extracted from the relative distance on small fingerprint section. Mainly pattern matching is use for detecting the duplicate fingerprints it will be based on the area of minutiae point and unusual combinations and low curvature and radius. WORKING WITH BIOMETRICS The following components are plays an important role in biometrics system. In this process, for collecting the data information on fingerprint we have to use data collection. Raw is defined as the collection of data during the fingerprint process in biometrics. After that process is finished it can matching the persons fingerprint which can be stored before, if it exists the person is authenticated and denied its access. This is process we are using in biometric process. Below figure shows the biometrics process and components in biometrics. CONCLUSION For security propose fingerprint place an important role in human recognition from past years and biometric system only be present at the recent years. For the development of fingerprint standards, government and other industries had done developments on fingerprint techniques. This development over the highly quality products and faster use of devices and improve the reliability on fingerprint recognition system. Where this technique is mainly used for the government legal methods and investigation propose and science community developments and these are mainly useful for the biometrics. Behind this development we have so many reasons because biometric is not cure all security identifications. In this paper we discussed the overview of fingerprint identification and techniques we are using in fingerprint for recognition and also we discussed the how it is use for the biometric system. For determination of fingerprint industry government and other industries will done led on coming g eneration for fingerprint identification.

Group Dynamics Essay -- essays research papers

The characteristics of effective Groups Much can be learned about the art of building an effective group. We now understand many of the principles that create the proper environment in which groups can blossom and flourish. Yet we remain unable to "guarantee" that any given group will reach its goals or be anything more than modestly successful. However, even a group composed of "the very best people" has some probability of failure.( ) Groups can take on so much more risk than individuals and can attempt a level of greatness that is beyond the realistic hope of any individual. To unleash the full power of groups, members need to sort out for themselves where and how they can best make use of their group and what, for them, group work means. Below are characteristics of effective Groups. Clear Purpose The group members must agree on a clear purpose or goal and each team member is willing to work to achieve these goals. The team is aware of and interested in its own processes and examines norms operating within the team. The team identifies its own resources and uses them, depending on its needs. The team willingly accepts the influence and leadership of the members whose resources are relevant to the immediate task. Listening The team members continually listen to and clarify what is being said and show interest in others’ thoughts and feelings. Differences of opinion are encouraged and freely expressed. The team does not demand narrow conformity or ...