Should the federal government legalize the use of marijuana Research Paper

Should the federal government legalize the use of marijuana - Research Paper Example Such studies have been quoted as proof of the good qualities of the drug whenever the subject of legalizing marijuana is brought up. However, most of these studies do not tackle the issue about common mental problems that are experienced by patients when they consume marijuana in order to contain pain symptoms. It is a recognized fact that marijuana can cause anxiety problems, as well as depression, in all users. Using marijuana can also set off schizophrenic characteristics in individuals who are predisposed to getting this condition. These are facts that are never directly addressed by scholars who study marijuana users. The word ‘marijuana’ refers to a concotion of flowers, dried leaves, seeds and stems that originate from Cannabis sativa, which is the hemp plant. This mixture has mind-altering substances like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), among other related chemicals. This concoction usually also contains substances such as hash oil and hashish. Marijuana is said to be the most popular illegal drug in nations all around the world. There are a number of nations that have taken the step of banning its use, however. In America, the Federal Government does not support the proposed legalization of marijuana which has been proposed by many state governments. This means that, in some cases, federal laws will clash with state laws. There are 18 states that have legalized the use of marijuana for medical purposes. In other states, local governments are involved in debates concerning the legalization of marijuana for medical, as well as social purposes. For the most part, many users of marijuana do not consider the adverse effects of the drug, when proposing its legalization. This is something that has marked the majority of debates in which the advocates of the legalization of marijuana support the notion that it has medicinal properties that even serve to

Malcolm X Essay -- essays research papers

Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He grew up around eight siblings. His mother was a mixed woman because her mother was raped by a white man. His father was a very outspoken black Baptist church minister, who preached that blacks should go back to Africa. Due to death threats by white supremacist his family had to relocate to different places to live. After all that time his father was murdered when police found his body on the trolley tracks. The mother new it was by white supremacist. After his death his mother was committed to an insane asylum. Malcolm and his brother and sisters were split up and sent to foster homes and orphanages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcolm graduated at the top of his junior high class. He then located to Harlem, New York. He then ...

Colloids Versus Crystalloids Fluid Resuscitation Health And Social Care Essay

Fluid resuscitation is one of the cardinal basiss for the direction of critically sick patients to cut down the mortality ( Schierhout and Roberts, 1998 ) . The fluids for resuscitation are chiefly categorized as either colloids or crystalloids. Owing to the high cost related with the colloids such as albumen, hydroxyethyl amylum, modified gelatine, dextran etc. , the effectivity and improved endurance associated of their usage for unstable resuscitation is still controversial ( Perel et al, 2007 ) . It was shown that the usage of colloids was instead associated with higher mortality rate when used in patients with traumatic encephalon hurt ( Myburgh et al, 2007 ) . Against this background of high cost and increased mortality in some instances, their usage has become really limited. Justification of the Topic The pick of fluid for resuscitation fluid used has a important impact on both patient endurance and related costs. Therefore, there is a demand to place a cost-efficient fluid with improved patient endurance in assorted critically sick patients. The purpose of the assignment is to reexamine the available literature on comparing between colloids and crystalloids as unstable resuscitations in critically sick patients and to measure its impact on clinical pattern and the consequence on short term and long term result for the patient in different clinical scenes. This will be done through critical analysis of the available grounds on the usage of these fluids. Search Scheme: The hunt for articles will affect electronic databases viz. PubMed, Medline, OVID, Cochran database and Google bookman. Merely randomised controlled tests carried out between 2000 to 2010 will be included in the literature reappraisal. The mention lists for all selected surveies will besides be explored to happen any more relevant tests and reappraisals. Keywords: Colloid, Crystalloid, Fluid resuscitations, dextran 70, hydroxyethyl starches, modified gelatins, albumen or plasma protein fraction. Search will be limited to adult topics and English linguistic communication. The literature will be critiqued utilizing the tool Critical Appraisal Skills Programme ( CASP ) and the strength of grounds will be considered based on CEBM hierarchy of grounds. Literature Reappraisal: Fluid Resuscitation: Albumin is Associated with Greater Mortality than Saline solution after Traumatic Brain InjuryLiterature ReviewThe Saline versus Albumin Fluid Evaluation ( SAFE ) Study Research workers[ I ]carried out double-blinded, randomized, controlled test to compare the consequence of fluid resuscitation with albumen or saline on mortality rates in a population of critically sick patients. This was done in ICU units of 16 infirmaries in Australia and New Zealand between November 2001 and June 2003 Intervention patients divided to two groups ; one received 4 % albumen and 2nd received normal saline for all unstable resuscitation. They were observed till decease, discharge or 28 yearss after randomization.The survey found no important difference in mortality rates between the two groups. To farther widen the survey, the research workers carried out a sub analysis i.e. a blinded, follow-up survey of 515 patients with TBI ( Traumatic encephalon hurt ) from the SAFE survey databaseaa‚ ¬ † randomized either to a saline group ( 260 ) o r to an albumen group ( 255 ) .Main intent was to measure mortality rates and functional neurological results in the albumen and saline groups at 24 months after randomisation. At 24 months after randomisation, 71 out of 214 albumens group patients had died ( 33.2 % ) vs. 42 out of 206 saline group patients.As respect to the neurological results at 24 months found in the albumen group ( 96 out of 203 ; 47.3 % ) vs. the saline group ( 120 out of 198 ; 60.6 % ; comparative hazard of 0.78 ; P=0.007 ; and a 95 % CI of 0.65aa‚ ¬ † 0.94 ) . The strengths of this survey ( SAFE ) included transporting out this survey as a RCT which enabled the research workers to hold a comparing between the two groups with High-level conformity with over 97 % of patients acquiring their allocated fluid, limited concurrent intercessions, and a web-based direction system. It was a blinded survey which minimizes any allotment prejudice. This determination was consistent with consequence of systemic reappraisal and argument sing colloids vs. crystalloids for unstable resuscitation in critically sick patients which was triggered by a big meta-analysis ( by Cochrane Injuries Group Albumin Reviewers ) that suggested colloids to be associated with higher mortality rates, The failings are the patient population is significantly smaller for bomber analysis. Furthermore, this included retrospectively collected post-hoc informations and the possibility of increased intracranial force per unit area within the albumen group might be a confounder. The mortality rates were indistinguishable to the old epidemiological surveies on patients with traumatic encephalon hurt and may be merely a coinciding determination. Finally, why the mortality rates should be so affected is ill-defined and it was beyond the range of the survey. Decision: This is a well-designed survey supplying adequate grounds about the high quality of saline fluid resuscitation over albumen in patients with TBI, but surely no adequate grounds to back up that this the instance in other patient groups in the critical attention unit.As mentioned above this survey was non designed ab initio to look at this subgroup and the population is comparatively little but the consequence is surely deserving farther research. The other inquiries as why albumin fluid does ensue in such inauspicious consequence and whether the different group of patient will act and respond in same manner will originate farther argument and treatment non merely in Clinical pattern but besides on academic base. Harmonizing to CEBM hierarchy of grounds will be Level 2. Subheadings Colloids and crystalloids ; does it count to the Kidney?

Catachresis Definition and Examples

Catachresis is a  rhetorical term for the inappropriate use of one word for another, or for an extreme, strained, or mixed metaphor often used deliberately. The adjective forms are  catachrestic or catachrestical. Confusion over the meaning of the term catachresis dates back to Roman rhetoric. In some definitions, Jeanne Fahnestock points out, a catachresis is a type of metaphor, a substitute naming that occurs when a term is borrowed from another semantic field, not because the borrower wants to substitute for the ordinary term (e.g., lion for warrior), but because there is no ordinary term (Rhetorical Figures in Science, 1999). Pronunciation:  KAT-uh-KREE-sisAlso Known As  abusioEtymology: From the Greek, misuse or abuse Examples Red trains cough Jewish underwear for keeps! Expanding smells of silence. Gravy snot whistling like seabirds.(Amiri Baraka, Dutchman, 1964)Attentive readers will have noticed a lamentable catachresis yesterday when the Wrap referred to some French gentlemen as Galls, rather than Gauls.(Sean Clarke, The Guardian, June 9, 2004) Tom Robbins on a Full Moon The moon was full. The moon was so bloated it was about to tip over. Imagine awakening to find the moon flat on its face on the bathroom floor, like the late Elvis Presley, poisoned by banana splits. It was a moon that could stir wild passions in a moo cow. A moon that could bring out the devil in a bunny rabbit. A moon that could turn lug nuts into moonstones turn Little Red Riding Hood into the big bad wolf.(Tom Robbins, Still Life with Woodpecker, 1980) Stretching Metaphors The hallmark of the [Thomas] Friedman method is a single metaphor, stretched to column length, that makes no objective sense at all and is layered with other metaphors that make still less sense. The result is a giant, gnarled mass of incoherent imagery. When you read Friedman, you are likely to encounter such creatures as the Wildebeest of Progress and the Nurse Shark of Reaction, which in paragraph one are galloping or swimming as expected, but by the conclusion of his argument are testing the waters of public opinion with human feet and toes, or flying (with fins and hooves at the controls) a policy glider without brakes that is powered by the steady wind of George Bush’s vision.(Matt Taibbi, A Shake of the Wheel. New York Press, May 20, 2003) Quintilian on Metaphor and Catachresis The first thing that strikes one in the history of the terms metaphor and catachresis is the apparently unnecessary confusion of the two since the difference between them was clearly defined as early as Quintilians discussion of catachresis in the Institutio Oratoria. Catachresis (abusio, or abuse) is defined there as the practice of adapting the nearest available term to describe something for which no actual [i.e., proper] term exists. The lack of an original proper term--the lexical gap or lacuna--is in this passage the clear basis for Quintilians distinction between catachresis, or abusio, and metaphor, or translatio: catachresis is a transfer of terms from one place to another employed when no proper word exists, while metaphor is a transfer or substitution employed when a proper term does already exist and is displaced by a term transferred from another place to a place not its own...Yet... the confusion of the two terms persists with a remarkable tenacity right up to the prese nt. The Rhetorica ad Herennium, for example, thought for centuries to be Ciceronian and received with the authority of Cicero, muddies the clear waters of logical distinction by defining catachresis [abusio] as the inexact use of a like or kindred word in place of the precise and proper one. The abuse in abusio is here instead of abuse of metaphor, the wrong or inexact use of it as a substitution for the proper term. And the alternative word audacia for catachresis joins abusio as another highly charged pejorative, with potential application to an audacious metaphor.(Patricia Parker, Metaphor and Catachresis. The Ends of Rhetoric: History, Theory, Practice, ed. by John Bender and David E. Wellbery. Stanford University Press, 1990)